Thangkas are one of Tibet's most famous art forms, and they have fascinated generations of art fans around the world. Developed during the Songtsan Gampo era of Tibet, they incorporate elements from both Nepalese art and traditional Chinese paintings. Valued for their exquisite craftsmanship, they are also admired for their unique beauty and practical function. When traveling to other places, Tibetan monks will often carry a thangka to communicate with their gods. On a good tour in Beijing, you can find exquisite thangkas made by great Tibetan artists.
Much like a scroll painting, thangkas can be easily rolled up for storage and unrolled for display. Travelers and monks like to carry a thangka when they travel to other places because it is very lightweight. Home-dwelling Tibetans also like to use thangkas in their homes because they are beautiful and can be easily be put on a wall.
In many ways, thangkas are like Buddhist statues. Both of them are used as a medium through which people pay tribute to their gods, say prayers, and make requests. But the difference is also obvious: whereas a Buddhist statue only represents a certain deity in Buddhism, a thangka shows the deity and depicts his/her life stories, important events, and the Buddhist teachings associated with the deity. Such depiction is aimed to educate, enlighten, and enhance the contemplative experience of the Buddhists who study them.
The profound symbolism of a finely made thangka may have thousands of bits of information contained in the color, clothing, and positions of the figures that enable a Buddhist to learn the teachings of Buddhism by examining the overall image. A commonly item you'll see is the Wheel of Life, a form of the universe in Buddhism.
When used by monks traveling from place to place, thangkas can serve as an excellent educational tool. Tibetan monks who carry thangkas have been traveling to remote regions and teaching Buddhism for hundreds of years. As a tradition, monks living in monasteries display their precious thangkas to the public during ceremonies or festivals.
Most thangkas are painted by hand on a cotton canvas or silk, but a few of them are embroidered or made of precious materials like pearls and gold. Making a thangka is usually an extremely complex process that employs a variety of techniques and paints. Paint made of natural minerals is often used, giving the pictures a bright and unique color that can last hundreds of years. Such paintings require a mastery of different drawing skills and a deep understanding of Buddhism and Tibetan culture. Since every detail on a thangka contributes to the overall symbolism through subtle hints, only a properly trained artist can make a thangka.
Depending on the materials used and the way it was made, thangkas can be divided into two main categories: "Bris-Tang" and "Go-Tang."
"Bris-Tang": Thangkas that are painted are called "Bris-Tang." The five specific types of this category are: Multi-Colored, Gold Background, Vermilion Background, Black Background, and Block Printing "Bris-Tang."
"Go-Tang": Thangkas that are made of silk or decorated with embroidery are called "Go-Tang." This category includes: Embroidery, Applique, Glued Applique, Hand-Woven, and Block Printing "Go-Tang."
There is a strict rule concerning the use of colors on thangka. Different colors are used to denote different themes or different characters. Red is often the main color for thangkas depicting the life stories of the Buddha. Black is mostly used to depict gods whose main duty is subjugating evils. Blue is employed when the emphasis is on joyous events. Green is used to represent activity. And white symbolizes peace and compassion.
There are many fantastic local shops in Beijing that offer genuine thangkas painted by master artists from Tibet. Visit these shops when you are in Beijing, and you won't forget the experience. It's best to get a Beijing tour guide to help you find these places.
Much like a scroll painting, thangkas can be easily rolled up for storage and unrolled for display. Travelers and monks like to carry a thangka when they travel to other places because it is very lightweight. Home-dwelling Tibetans also like to use thangkas in their homes because they are beautiful and can be easily be put on a wall.
In many ways, thangkas are like Buddhist statues. Both of them are used as a medium through which people pay tribute to their gods, say prayers, and make requests. But the difference is also obvious: whereas a Buddhist statue only represents a certain deity in Buddhism, a thangka shows the deity and depicts his/her life stories, important events, and the Buddhist teachings associated with the deity. Such depiction is aimed to educate, enlighten, and enhance the contemplative experience of the Buddhists who study them.
The profound symbolism of a finely made thangka may have thousands of bits of information contained in the color, clothing, and positions of the figures that enable a Buddhist to learn the teachings of Buddhism by examining the overall image. A commonly item you'll see is the Wheel of Life, a form of the universe in Buddhism.
When used by monks traveling from place to place, thangkas can serve as an excellent educational tool. Tibetan monks who carry thangkas have been traveling to remote regions and teaching Buddhism for hundreds of years. As a tradition, monks living in monasteries display their precious thangkas to the public during ceremonies or festivals.
Most thangkas are painted by hand on a cotton canvas or silk, but a few of them are embroidered or made of precious materials like pearls and gold. Making a thangka is usually an extremely complex process that employs a variety of techniques and paints. Paint made of natural minerals is often used, giving the pictures a bright and unique color that can last hundreds of years. Such paintings require a mastery of different drawing skills and a deep understanding of Buddhism and Tibetan culture. Since every detail on a thangka contributes to the overall symbolism through subtle hints, only a properly trained artist can make a thangka.
Depending on the materials used and the way it was made, thangkas can be divided into two main categories: "Bris-Tang" and "Go-Tang."
"Bris-Tang": Thangkas that are painted are called "Bris-Tang." The five specific types of this category are: Multi-Colored, Gold Background, Vermilion Background, Black Background, and Block Printing "Bris-Tang."
"Go-Tang": Thangkas that are made of silk or decorated with embroidery are called "Go-Tang." This category includes: Embroidery, Applique, Glued Applique, Hand-Woven, and Block Printing "Go-Tang."
There is a strict rule concerning the use of colors on thangka. Different colors are used to denote different themes or different characters. Red is often the main color for thangkas depicting the life stories of the Buddha. Black is mostly used to depict gods whose main duty is subjugating evils. Blue is employed when the emphasis is on joyous events. Green is used to represent activity. And white symbolizes peace and compassion.
There are many fantastic local shops in Beijing that offer genuine thangkas painted by master artists from Tibet. Visit these shops when you are in Beijing, and you won't forget the experience. It's best to get a Beijing tour guide to help you find these places.
About the Author:
A. Lao writes about Chinese arts and crafts. He now works with a Beijing tour guide who brings visitors to great Chinese shops. Sometimes he plans Beijing tours.
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